Вітаю, шановні читачі. До вашої уваги наступний урок англійської мови.
Починаємо, традиційно зі слів:
A dialogue – діалог.
To make up dialogues – складати діалог.
A question – запитання.
To ask questions – ставити запитання.
To answer questions – ставити запитання.
Favorite –
улюблений.
Also – теж, також.
Us – нам, нас.
To be absent – бути відсутнім.
To be present – бути присутнім.
To explain – пояснювати.
To do sums – розв’язувати задачі.
To learn – вчити.
To listen – слухати.
To repeat – повторювати.
To get – одержувати, діставати.
To describe – описувати.
To write down – записувати.
To retell – переказувати.
To translate – перекладати.
To know – знати.
To sing – співати.
Після вивчених слів вже традиційна робота з текстом.
My name is Makar. I am a pupil of the sixth
form. I learn many interesting subjects at school. I want to tell you
about our English lessons because English is my favorite subject. We
have English lessons on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. At these lessons we learn to read, write and
speak English. Our teacher explains us new words and expressions and
we write them down into our vocabularies. We read sentences with the new words
and word-combinations and translate them into our mother tongue. At the English lessons we also read
and retell texts, describe pictures, ask and answer questions and make up
dialogues. Sometimes we write dictations at the lessons. M any pupils of our class write
English dictations very well. They get very good marks. At the English lessons we also learn to write
compositions. We began to write English com positions last year. We
wrote small stories about our friends and about our parents. Our English lessons are
very interesting. We like these lessons very much.
Утворення часів групи PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Часи групи подовжений доконаний (Perfect Continuous) – це часові форми, які поєднують в собі подовжений і
доконаний часи. Часто вживається зі словами, які вказують на доконану дію і на
подовжену (дані слова ви можете побачити вище). Також варто пам’ятати про
дієслова, які не виконують подовженої дії. Такі дієслова потрібно ставити не у
подовжений доконаний, а просто у відповідний йому доконаний час (замість
минулого доконаного подовженого – просто минулий доконаний, замість
теперішнього доконаного подовженого – просто теперішній доконаний і т.д.). До
дієслів завжди потрібно додавати –ing.
Правила вживання –ing можна прочитати вище.
Утворення Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Теперішній доконаний подовжений час (Present Perfect Continuous) – це часова форма, дія якої почалася в минулому,
протривала до теперішнього і триває досі. Часто вживається зі словами, які
вживаються у подовжених і доконаних часах.
Утворення
розповідних речень
Для утворення розповідних речень використовуються допоміжні слова «have/has been». «Has» - для третьої особи однини (він, вона, воно). «Have» - для решти. «Been» - вживається з усіма. До основного дієслова додається –ing.
I have been working since morning. (Я працюю
з ранку. І працюю досі. Вказана протяжність дії і слово, яке вживається з
доконаним часом.)
She has been reading for two hours already. (Вона вже читає
на протязі двох годин. І досі читає. Знову ж таки, є протяжність дії – «на
протязі двох годин», і доконана дія «вже».)
We have been living here since childhood.
He has been playing football for two hours already.
Утворення
запитань
Для утворення запитань потрібно «have/has» ставити перед
підметом (не забувайте про, те, що підмет не можна розділяти з певними частина
мови, читайте правила вище). «Been» стоїть безпосередньо перед дієсловом, до якого
додається –ing.
Have I been working since morning?
Has she been reading for two hours already?
Have we been living here since
childhood?
Has he been playing football for two hours already?
Утворення заперечень
Для утворення заперечень потрібно «have/has» ставити перед «not». «Been» стоїть
безпосередньо перед дієсловом, до якого додається –ing.
I have not been working since morning.
She has not been reading for two hours already.
We have not been living
here since childhood.
He has not been playing
football for two hours already.
Традиційно, після цього даю вам вправу і ключі до неї:
1. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He
(to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) eight books.
2. What you (to do) here since morning? 3. Lena is a very good girl. She always
(to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since
morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they
(to cook) dinner together. 4. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes
without any rest. 5. What they (to do) now? — They (to work) in the reading
room. They (to work) there for three hours already. 6.Where he (to be) now? —
He (to be) in the garden. He (to play) volleyball with his friends. They (to
play) since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in
St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the factory where my father (to work). He
(to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to find) your notebook? — No, I still
(to look) for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to
find) it. 10. You (to play) with a ball for three hours already. Go home and do
your homework. 11. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already. 12.I (to
wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but (not yet to receive)
it. 13. She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do)
half of it. 14. I (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 15. What you (to do)? –I
(to read). I (to read) for two hours already. I already (to read) sixty pages.
16. It is difficult for me to speak about this opera as I (not to hear) it.
17.I just (to receive) a letter from my granny, but I (not yet to receive) any
letters from my parents. 16. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine)
ever since we got up.19. Every day I (to wind) up my watch at 10 o'clock in the
evening. 20. Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for you a
long time. 21. Where your gloves (to be)? — I (to put) them into my porcket.
22. I (to stay) with some American friends in Chicago. I (to stay) with them
for two weeks now. I (to have) a great time here, I (to take) the opportunity
to improve my English. I already (to see) the towering skyscrapers of Chicago
which are reflected in the rippling water of Lake Michigan._I just (to take) a
picture of Chicago's Sears Tower which (to rise) 1,707 feet and (to provide) a
panoramic view from the skydeck. 23.I (to go) to give that cat some food. I (to
be) sure it (to starve). — But Jane already (to feed) the cat. You needn't do it.
І, звичайно, ключі:
1. This man is a writer. He writes books. He has been
writing books since he was a young man. He has already written eight books. 2.
What have you been doing here since morning? 3. Lena is a very good girl. She
always helps her mother about the house. Today she has been helping her mother
since morning. They have already washed the floor and dusted the furniture. Now
they are cooking dinner together. 4. He is running now. He has been running for
ten minutes without any rest. 5. What are they doing now? — They are working in
the reading room. They have been working there for three hours already. 6.
Where is he now? — He is in the garden. He is playing volleyball with his
friends. They have been playing since breakfast time. 7. I live in St.
Petersburg. I have been living in St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the
factory where my father works. He has been working here for fifteen years. 9.
Have you found your notebook? — No, I am still looking for it. I have been
looking for it for two hours already, but have not found it yet. 10. You have
been playing with a ball for three hours already. Go home and do your homework.
11. Wake up! You have been sleeping for ten hours already. 12. I have been
waiting for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but have not received
it yet. 13. She has already done her homework for two hours; but she has not
done half of it yet. 14. I have been waiting for you since two o'clock. 15.
What are you doing? – I am reading. I have been reading for two hours already.
I have already read sixty pages. 16. It is difficult for me to speak about this
opera as I have not heard it. 17. I have just received a letter from my granny,
but I have not received any letters from my parents yet. 16. The weather is
fine today. The sun has been shining ever since we got up. 19. Every day I wind
up my watch at 10 o'clock in the evening. 20. Come along, Henry, what you are
you doing now? I have been waiting for you for a long time. 21. Where are your
gloves? — I have put them into my pocket. 22. I am staying with some American
friends in Chicago. I have been staying with them for two weeks now. I am
having a great time here, I am taking the opportunity to improve my English. I
have already seen the towering skyscrapers of Chicago which are reflected in
the rippling water of Lake Michigan. I have just taken a picture of Chicago's Sears
Tower which rises 1,707 feet and provides a panoramic view from the
skydeck. 23. I am going to give that cat some food. I am sure it is starving. —
But Jane has already fed the cat. You
needn't do it.
