Урок 24. Вивчення англійської мови

А в цій частині матеріал, який я ще не показував. Тут різні таблиці з допомогою яких вам буде легко маніпулювати часовими формами.

Часові форми. Активний стан.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	V-2. -He wrote a letter. -She worked hard.	V. He, she, it – Vs. -I go to school everyday. -She goes to school everyday. -He usually works.	Will + V. -I will go to school. -They will work later.	Would + V. -I said that I would go to school. -They said that they would work later.
Continuous	Was/were + Ving. -I(he, she, it) was working at that time. -We(you, they) were working at that time.	Am/is/are + Ving. -I am working now. -He(she, it) is working now. -We(you, they) are working now.	Will be + Ving. -I will be working  at that time tomorrow. -She will be playing at that time tomorrow.	Would be + Ving. -I said that I would be working at that time the next day. - She said that she would be playing at that time the next day.
Perfect	Had + V-3 -She had written her homework by 5 o’clock yesterday. -I had cleaned the room before mom came home.	Has/have + V-3 -She(he, it) has already written her homework. -I(we, you, they) have already cleaned the room.	Will have + V-3. -She will have written her homework by 5 o’clock tomorrow. -I will have cleaned the room by the time mom come home.	Would have + V-3. -It was clear that she would have written her homework by 5 o’clock the next day. -I didn’t know that I would have cleaned the room by the time mom came home.
Perfect Continuous	Had been + Ving -She had been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came. - I had been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain.	Have/has been + Ving. -She has been writing a letter since morning. -I have been cleaning the room for a long time.	Will have been + Ving. - She will have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I come. - I will have been cleaning the room for a long time when it starts to rain.	Would have been + Ving. - It was clear that she would have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came. - I didn’t know that  I would have been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain.

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Часові форми. Активний стан. Запитання.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	V-2. -Did he write a letter? -Did she work hard?	V. He, she, it – Vs. -Do I go to school everyday? -Does she go to school everyday? -Does he usually work?	Will + V. -Will I go to school? -Will they work later?	Would + V. -Did I say that I would go to school? -Did they said that they would work later?
Continuous	Was/were + Ving. -Was I(he, she, it) working at that time? -Were we(you, they) working at that time?	Am/is/are + Ving. -Am I working now. -Is He(she, it) working now? -Are we(you, they) working now?	Will be + Ving. -Will I be working  at that time tomorrow? -Will she be playing at that time tomorrow?	Would be + Ving. -Did I say that I would be working at that time the next day? -Did she say that she would be playing at that time the next day?
Perfect	Had + V-3 -Had she written her homework by 5 o’clock yesterday. -Had I cleaned the room before mom came home?	Has/have + V-3 -Has she(he, it) already written her homework? -Have I(we, you, they) already cleaned the room?	Will have + V-3. -Will she have written her homework by 5 o’clock tomorrow? -Will I have cleaned the room by the time mom come home?	Would have + V-3. -Was it clear that she would have written her homework by 5 o’clock the next day? -Did I know that I would have cleaned the room by the time mom came home?
Perfect Continuous	Had been + Ving -Had she been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came? -Had I been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain?	Have/has been + Ving. -Has she been writing a letter since morning? -Have I been cleaning the room for a long time?	Will have been + Ving. -Will she have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I come? -Will I have been cleaning the room for a long time when it starts to rain?	Would have been + Ving. -Was it clear that she would have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came? -Did I know that  I would have been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain?

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Часові форми. Активний стан. Заперечення.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	V-2. -He did not write a letter. -She did not work hard.	V. He, she, it – Vs. -I do not go to school everyday. -She does not go to school everyday. -He does not usually work.	Will + V. -I will not go to school. -They will not work later.	Would + V. -I said that I would not go to school. -They said that they would not work later.
Continuous	Was/were + Ving. -I(he, she, it) was not working at that time. -We(you, they) were not working at that time.	Am/is/are + Ving. -I am not working now. -He(she, it) is not working now. -We(you, they) are not working now.	Will be + Ving. -I will not be working  at that time tomorrow. -She will not be playing at that time tomorrow.	Would be + Ving. -I said that I would not be working at that time the next day. - She said that she would not be playing at that time the next day.
Perfect	Had + V-3 -She had not written her homework by 5 o’clock yesterday. -I had not cleaned the room before mom came home.	Has/have + V-3 -She(he, it) has not  written her homework yet. -I(we, you, they) have not cleaned the room yet.	Will have + V-3. -She will not have written her homework by 5 o’clock tomorrow. -I will not have cleaned the room by the time mom come home.	Would have + V-3. -It was clear that she would not have written her homework by 5 o’clock the next day. -I didn’t know that I would not have cleaned the room by the time mom came home.
Perfect Continuous	Had been + Ving -She had not been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came. - I had not been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain.	Have/has been + Ving. -She has not been writing a letter since morning. -I have not been cleaning the room for a long time.	Will have been + Ving. - She will not have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I come. - I will not have been cleaning the room for a long time when it starts to rain.	Would have been + Ving. - It was clear that she would not have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I came. - I didn’t know that  I would not have been cleaning the room for a long time when it started to rain.

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Часові форми. Пасивний стан.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	Was/were + V-3. -Letters were written yesterday. -The dinner was cooked yesterday.	Am/is/are + V-3. - Letters are written everyday. -The dinner is cooked today.	Will be + V-3. - Letters will be written tomorrow. -The dinner will be cooked today.	Would be + V-3. -I said that letters would be written the next day. -They said that the dinner would be cooked that day.
Continuous	Was/were + being + V-3. -Letters were being written at 8 o’clock yesterday. -The dinner was being cooked when I came.	Am/is/are + being + V-3. - Letters are being written now. -The dinner is being cooked today.
Perfect	Had + been + V-3 -Letters had been written by 8 o’clock yesterday. -The dinner had  been cooked by that time yesterday.	Has/have + been + V-3 -Letters have already been written. -The dinner has  just been cooked.	Will have been + V-3. -Letters will have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow. -The dinner will have been cooked the room by the time mom come home.	Would have been + V-3. -It was clear that letters will have been written by 5 o’clock the next day. -I didn’t know that the dinner will have been cooked the room by the time mom came home.
Perfect Continuous

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Часові форми. Пасивний стан. Запитання.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	Was/were + V-3. - Were letters written yesterday? -Was the dinner cooked yesterday?	Am/is/are + V-3. - Are letters written everyday? -Is the diner cooked today?	Will be + V-3. - Will letters be written tomorrow? -Will the dinner be cooked today?	Would be + V-3. -Did I say that letters would be written the next day? -Did they say that the dinner would be cooked that day?
Continuous	Was/were + being + V-3. -Were letters being written at 8 o’clock yesterday? -Was the diner being cooked when I came?	Am/is/are + being + V-3. - Are letters being written now? -Is the dinner being cooked today?
Perfect	Had + been + V-3 -Had letters been written by 8 o’clock yesterday? -Had the dinner been cooked by that time yesterday?	Has/have + been + V-3 -Have letters already been written? -Has the dinner  just been cooked?	Will have been + V-3. -Will letters have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow? -Will the dinner have been cooked the room by the time mom come home?	Would have been + V-3. -Was it clear that letters will have been written by 5 o’clock the next day? -Didn’t I know that the dinner will have been cooked the room by the time mom came home?
Perfect Continuous

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Часові форми. Пасивний стан. Заперечення.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	Was/were + V-3. -Letters were not written yesterday. -The dinner was not cooked yesterday.	Am/is/are + V-3. - Letters are not written everyday. -The dinner is not cooked today.	Will be + V-3. - Letters will not be written tomorrow. -The dinner will not be cooked today.	Would be + V-3. -I said that letters would not be written the next day. -They said that the dinner would not be cooked that day.
Continuous	Was/were + being + V-3. -Letters were not being written at 8 o’clock yesterday. -The dinner was not being cooked when I came.	Am/is/are + being + V-3. - Letters are not being written now. -The dinner is not being cooked today.
Perfect	Had + been + V-3 -Letters had not been written by 8 o’clock yesterday. -The dinner had not  been cooked by that time yesterday.	Has/have + been + V-3 -Letters have not been written yet. -The dinner has not been cooked yet.	Will have been + V-3. -Letters will not have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow. -The dinner will not have been cooked the room by the time mom come home.	Would have been + V-3. -It was clear that letters will not have been written by 5 o’clock the next day. -I didn’t know that the dinner will not have been cooked the room by the time mom came home.
Perfect Continuous

Примітка:

V – дієслово.

V-2 – дієслово з другої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

V-3 – дієслово з третьої колонки таблиці неправильних дієслів.

Утворення часових форм активного і пасивного станів.

	Past	Present	Future	Future in-the-past
Simple	Дія відбувається в минулому часі. Часто вживається з словами yesterday, last week/month/day і т.д.	Дія відбувається в теперішньому часі. Зазвичай багаторазова, часто вживається зі словами usually, always, often і т.д.	Дія відбувається в майбутньому часі. Часто вживається з словами tomorrow, next week/month/year і т.д.	Дія відбувається в майбутньому відносно минулого. Обов’язково має бути додаткове дієслово вжите в минулому часі.
Continuous	Дія відбувається в конкретний момент минулого часу. Зазвичай цей момент позначається допоміжними словами when, at that time і т.д.	Дія відбувається в конкретний момент теперішнього  часу. Зазвичай цей момент позначається допоміжними словами now, at the moment і т.д.	Дія відбувається в конкретний момент майбутнього  часу. Зазвичай цей момент позначається допоміжними словами then, at that time і т.д.	Дія відбувається в конкретний момент минулого часу відносно минулого. Зазвичай цей момент позначається допоміжними словами when, at that time і т.д.
Perfect	Далекий минулий час. Дія вже відбулася і результат дії теж уже відбувся. Часто в реченнях з цим часом мають бути дієслова в минулому часі. by 5 o’clock і т.д.	Дія вже відбулася але результат дії пов’язаний з цим моментом. Часто вживається з словами already, not yet, just, ever, never, since.	Дія починається і закінчується до певного періоду в майбутньому часі. Означається такими словами by the time, by 5 o’clock і т.д.	Дія починається і закінчується до певного періоду в майбутньому часі відносно минулого. Означається такими словами by the time, by 5 o’clock і т.д.
Perfect Continuous	Дія почалася в далекому минулому, тривала певний період до якоїсь означеної точки минулого часу.	Дія почалася в минулому, тривала певний період і триває досі. Вживається з словами  for a long time і т.д.	Дія почалася в майбутньому, тривала певний період до якоїсь точки в дальшому майбутньому. Супроводжується допоміжним дієсловом в теперішньому часі.	Дія почалася в майбутньому відносно минулого, тривала певний період до якоїсь точки в дальшому майбутньому відносно минулого.

Пояснення і типові скорочення.

- Past – минулий.    - Present – теперішній. - Future – майбутній. - Future-in-the-past – майбутній у минулому.

- Simple – простий. - Continuous – подовжений. - Perfect – доконаний. - Perfect Continuous – доконаний подовжений.

Активний стан (Active Voice) – стан, коли дія виконується підметом. Наприклад: «Я прочитав книгу», «Він пофарбував будинок».

Пасивний стан (Passive Voice) – стан, коли дія виконується стосовно підмета. Наприклад: «Книга прочитана мною», «Будинок пофарбований ним».

Скорочення.

Not – може скорочуватися до n’t, прикріплюючись до попереднього слова. Наприклад: «Have not = haven’t», «Did not = didn’t».

Виняток: Will not = won’t.

- I am = I’m.

- He(she, it) is = he’s(she’s, it’s).

- They(you, we) are = they’re(you’re, we’re).

- I(he, she, it, we, you, they) will = I’ll(he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, you’ll, they’ll).

- I(he, she, it, we, you, they) would  = I’d(he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, you’d, they’d).

- I(he, she, it, we, you, they) had  = I’d(he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, you’d, they’d).

- I(we, you, they) have  = I’ve(we’ve, you’ve, they’ve).

- He (she, it) has = he’s(she’s, it’s).

Примітка: До складних часових форм не слід застосовувати більше одного скорочення. Як бачите, іноді скорочення різних часових форм виглядає однаково, тому слід бути дуже уважним, вживаючи і використовуючи скорочення.

Ось посилання на документ, якщо хтось хоче викачати Проект. Англійська.docx

Дякую вам за увагу. Наступного уроку ми розпочнемо вивчати пасивний стан і продовжимо вчити нові слова.